MARKETS 2025
Balancing markets
Information based on provisional data as of January 2026
The balancing markets (secondary regulation, tertiary regulation, replacement reserve, and avoided secondary reserve via the European IGCC netting platform for secondary control energy) used a total of 14,030 GWh of energy. Of this total, 46.9% corresponded to upward energy management and the remaining 53.1% to downward energy management.
The largest energy needs were covered by tertiary regulation, secondary regulation, and replacement reserve. It is important to highlight the significant share of renewable generation in these services.
Evolution of energy requirements covered through energy balancing
In 2025, almost all the activation of the tertiary regulation service was scheduled (nearly 97%), which is why aggregate data for both activations are included in this report for all the data corresponding to tertiary control allocations.
Balancing prices in €/MWh
TWh
Tertiary regulation. Breakdown by technology. Annual total
MWh
Replacement reserves. Breakdown of allocations by technology. Annual total
MWh
Electricity markets
Energy and prices scheduled for security reasons
Electricity markets
Voluntary price for small consumers (VPSC)