GENERATION
Total electricity generation
Information based on provisional data as of January 2023
El entorno energético en España en el año 2022 ha continuado avanzando en su crecimiento con un incremento de generación de energía eléctrica del 6,3 % respecto al año anterior, el mayor valor registrado hasta la fecha desde que existen series estadísticas.
En este contexto, la generación de energía eléctrica en el sistema peninsular, que representa en torno al 95 % de la generación total nacional, se ha incrementado un 6,1 % en 2022, situándose en 261.955 GWh. Las variaciones más significativas respecto al año anterior las registra la generación de los ciclos combinados y la solar fotovoltaica que han aumentado un 61,1 % y un 32,9 %, mientras que la hidráulica disminuyó su producción un 39,7 %.
La generación de energía eléctrica en los sistemas no peninsulares (14.360 GWh) creció un 9,5 % respecto al año anterior, destacando el aumento del 28,9 % de la solar fotovoltaica. En sentido contrario, cabe señalar la disminución de la producción con cogeneración que fue un 37,9 % inferior a la generación del año anterior.
En Baleares se produce el mayor aumento de generación eléctrica
La producción anual de energía eléctrica en el conjunto de los sistemas no peninsulares en 2022 alcanzó los 14.360 GWh, un 9,5 % superior a la del año anterior. La energía eléctrica producida en el sistema de Baleares se ha incrementado por segundo año consecutivo, alcanzando en 2022 los 5.437 GWh, el mayor valor de generación balear desde 2011, y un 17,2 % más que el año anterior. Es crecimiento de producción más elevado de todos los sistemas eléctricos no peninsulares en el año 2022.
La producción de energía eléctrica en el sistema eléctrico de Canarias se ha incrementado también por segundo año consecutivo con un crecimiento en 2022 del 5,7 % respecto al año anterior, alcanzando los 8.531 GWh.
Por el contrario, en Ceuta y Melilla la producción ha descendido en ambos casos por cuarto año consecutivo con un 0,8 % y un 4,4 %, respectivamente.
Generación de energía eléctrica nacional
GWh - %
Otras renovables: Incluye biogás, biomasa, hidráulica marina y geotérmica.
Turbinación bombeo: Turbinación de bombeo puro + estimación de turbinación de bombeo mixto.
Ciclo combinado: Incluye funcionamiento en ciclo abierto. En el sistema eléctrico de Canarias utiliza gasoil como combustible principal.
Evolución anual de la generación de energía eléctrica
In terms of generation by type of energy in the national electricity system, renewable energies have reduced their production by 4.0 % in 2022, mainly as a result of lower hydro production. During 2022, the share of renewable production in the national mix was 42.2 %, compared to 46.7 % in 2021. On the other hand, non-renewable energies increased their share to 57.8 % (53.3 % in 2021).
Evolution of renewable and non-renewable generation
With regard to national CO2 eqiv. emission-free generation, in 2022 there was also a decrease of 1.7 %, and its share in the production structure stood at 63.3 %, while in 2021 it was 68.2 %.
Evolution of generation with or without CO2 eqiv. emissions
The progress of the autonomous communities towards the goal of the ecological transition continues
Among the most relevant aspects of electricity generation by autonomous communities in 2022, the following should be highlighted:
- Andalusia was, in 2022, the second community that produced the most in the national electricity system, representing 13.2 % of the total generation. Production from renewable technologies reached 45.9 % of the mix in Andalusia, with a total of 16,680 GWh, 4.1 % more than in 2021, and became the second region with the most green GWh produced in 2022, only overtaken by Castile and Leon.
- In Aragon, 75.0 % of electricity generation during 2022 came from renewable sources, driven largely by wind power. With a share of 50.0 %, it was the second Spanish community both in terms of the proportion of wind power generation within its energy mix and production from this technology (10,200 GWh).
Non-renewable generation has increased in Aragon by 17.2 % in 2022 due to the fact that combined cycle plants have produced three times more than in the previous year. - In Asturias, renewable generation decreased by 20.7 % in 2022 as a result of the 48.4 % decrease in hydropower production. On the contrary, there has been an increase in coal and combined cycle production of 18.3 % and 49.0 %, respectively.
- In Castile-La Mancha, 61.9 % of the energy generated last year was from renewable sources, with wind power, which generated 8,259 GWh, being the leading technology and accounting for 32.4 % of the electricity generated. Solar photovoltaic increased its production by 59.2 % compared to the previous year, making it the second community with the highest solar photovoltaic production, with a share of 21.4 % of the national total.
- In 2022, Castile and Leon continues to be the autonomous community with the highest renewable generation in the country: 20,744 GWh accounting for 89.7 % of the total production in the region, a historical maximum of participation since there have been records. Its coverage in the mix is the highest in Spain in 2022, which consolidates Castile and Leon's leadership in renewable energies in the country.
In 2022, wind power was the leading technology in the generation structure of Castile and Leon, contributing over half of the production mix (59.6 %). Thanks to this volume, it continues to be the community that produces the most electricity from wind power (13,793 GWh). - Catalonia was the community that generated the most in 2022, with 15.1 % of the total production of the Spanish electricity system. Nuclear is the leading technology in the Catalan mix, with a share of 57.6 %.
- Extremadura continues to be the leader in solar photovoltaic generation in 2022, with a production of 6,952 GWh, representing 24.9 % of the national total. This brings the share of green energy to 38.7 % in this community.
- In 2022, Galicia generated 64.8 % from renewable sources, with wind power as the first source of Galician generation with 43.4 %, the highest share in this community since records have been kept.
- Renewables in the Balearic Islands in 2022 produced 29.1 % more than in 2021 and beat their annual record for green energy, achieving a 7.4 % share of the total. Solar photovoltaic was the renewable technology that most increased its generation, registering 42.2 % more than in the previous year and surpassing the historical record of annual production. It also reached the highest participation in the Balearic generation mix with a 4.9 % share.
- The Canary Islands generated 6.3 % more renewable energy in 2022 than in 2021, driven by wind and solar photovoltaic generation, which reached historic highs in annual production with 1,368,748 MWh and 313,616 MWh, respectively.
These peaks achieved in the Canary Islands have allowed renewables to cover 20.1 % of the total, thus demonstrating the progress of the energy transition in the region.
Map of generation by autonomous communities
Pumped storage: 3,775,567 MWh.
Nuclear: 55,983,500 MWh.
Coal: 7,765,205 MWh.
Fuel + Gas: 0 MWh.
Diesel engines: 2,548,204 MWh.
Gas turbine: 657,473 MWh.
Steam turbine: 1,207,235 MWh.
Combined cycle: 68,137,547 MWh.
Hydro-wind: 22,881 MWh.
Wind: 61,175,592 MWh.
Solar photovoltaic: 27,864,342 MWh.
Solar thermal: 4,123,275 MWh.
Other renewables: 4,656,294 MWh.
Cogeneration: 17,757,670 MWh.
Non-renewable waste: 1,899,767 MWh.
Renewable waste: 877,708 MWh.
Total generation: 276,315,299 MWh.
Production structure by power station type and by autonomous communities
Solar: Includes solar photovoltaic and solar thermal.
Renewable and non-renewable production percentage by autonomous communities
Non-renewables: pumped storage, nuclear, coal, fuel/gas, combined cycle, cogeneration, and non-renewable waste.